The History of the Jews from Focsani
The contribution of the Jewish community to the development of the town
The beginnings of the Jewish settlements
The Jewish press upon the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century
Foot Wayfarers on their way to America in 1900
The disaster of the ship Struma – 02.24. 1942
The activity of the jewish Focsani community during world war II
Zionist Youth Movements in Focsani
Statistical data of the Jewish population over the time
 
The contribution of the Jewish community to the development of the town
 

The members of the Jewish Community in Focsani built factories and various enterprises and in this way they brought an important contribution to the development of the town, in the period prior to World War Two.
They created places of work and sold their products in the town and outside of it, all over Romania. On the other hand, the successful Jewish industrialists only amplified the anti-Semitic sentiments of the non-Jewish citizens against the Community, although they led a simple life, without any extravagance.

Factories and industries:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  • " Focsani Weavers” – one of the biggest and most important industrial factories in 1920 to 1940, a textile factory employing about 200 workers, citizens of Focsani (both Jewish and non-Jewish). The factory was owned by Mr Buium Strulovici.
  • Kahane Bs. Weaving Factory” – employing about 20 - 30 female workers (both Jewish and non-Jewish).
  • Weaving and Knitwear Factory – owned by Feldman & Handman (1938) – employing 43 people, citizens of the town.
  • STEAUA" - Soap and Candle Factory. Employing about 20 citizens of the town. The factory was located at Regina Elisabeta-St, and was owned by Mr. Herman Waitzman (former Chairman of the Community between 1940 and 1942)
 
Public Garden
 
Focsani High-School
 
People’s Athenneum – today
 
Herman Kirmaier – Banker, 19th century
 
  • Soda Water Factory – at Perjoi-St, owned by Mr. Kornblum.
  • Bike Workshop of the Tobias and Bernard Bernstain brothers (one of the workshops was at Mare-St, next to the “Golden Mill”, the second close to the District Commissioner’s Office)

Commercial companies:

  • "La pomul verde" (The Green Tree) – owned by Mr. Berl Grinberg
  • The "Vadana" Bakery at Mare-St, close to the "Huzum" Pharmacy owned by Marcel Rozenberg.
  • The "Vander" Bakery at Magheru-St, owned by Moise Vander.
  • The "Briger" Bakery at Mare-St.
  • The downtown gasoline station, next to the car market, owned by Hanina Bercovici.
  • The Watchmakers – owned by Isack Davidescu, Mendel Bobi Rozenstain, Saines, and "Regulatorul"

Banks

Between 1910 and 1929, three Jewish-owned banks were functioning in Focsani. These establishments existed until 1929 when during the recession in Romania, the banks went bankrupt and closed down.

  • "Focsani"-Bank. This bank offered loans to al citizens of the town. Its managers were Mr. Aaron Grinberg and Mr. Diamant.
  • "Creditul marunt"-Bank – managed by Dr. Horatiu (Bibi) Copolovici and affiliated to the Joint. The bank provided loans with no interest to the owners of workshops and small firms. Its customers were exclusively Jewish.
  • "Kirmaier" –Bank, owned by Mr. Herman Kirmaier. It was a very prestigious bank and provided loans to all citizens of the town. In 1929, during the recession in Romania, the bank went bankrupt. As the result of the difficult situation Mr. Kirmaier failed to return the money to his customers. Following this, he committed suicide. He was buried at the Jewish Cemetery of the town.

Credit and Savings Co-operative Societies – the “Furnica” Co-operative Society of the Jewish Handicraftsmen in Focsani

Restaurants

The Jewish restaurants were the favorite place of entertainment of the families in the town, especially on the Saturday and the summer evenings. The open-air restaurants were always full. To attract the customers the restaurant keepers employed special orchestras.

  • "Regal" open-air restaurant – owned by Herman Stainer -
    "At the Regal Terrace you have selected music, low prices and good vine – that’s what makes us famous”. This establishment opened in 1935.
  • "Bentin" – owned by Mr. Ben Tzion Zilberman (1886-1956) since 1932. It was one of the most renowned restaurants in the town.
    The restaurant slogan was : "No steak as at Bentin’s.”

    In my whole life no other small sausages, steaks and other specialties tasted like those I ate at the Bentin and Regal restaurants. The restaurant was part of our childhood, there we went with our parents to have dinner.

  • "La Napoleon" – owned by Iacovson and Brener – a coffeehouse where the customers dealt with business and played billiards.
  • "Galateanu" – a restaurant that functioned until 1950, located at Grigore Balanescu-St.
  • "La Hanu' Balan" – close to the old fish trade, owned by the Herscovici-family. (Son of Mr Herscovici, Dr. Herscovici lives in Nazareth-Ilit).

Shops

  • "The Popular " – big haberdashery at 154 Mare-St, owned by Haim Rozenberg, and after his death in (approximately) 1933, the shop became the property of his sons Godel - Gustav and Strul Lica Rozenberg.
  • “Luvru” – a craftsmanship store at Mare-Street – owned by Carol and Iosedf Bercovici
  • " La Moara de Aur" (The Golden Mill) – hosiery situated at Mare-St and owned by Moscu Moscovici.
  • “The Grocery Store” – at Mare-St, owned by Herman Litman – son of Sami Litman, Chairman of “Macabbi”.
  • Colonial Goods Shop – at Mare-St. owned by Iancu Kaufman and managed also by Leonica and Rozica Kaufman.
  • "La pomul de cafea" (At the Coffee Tree) – a local store at Mare –St, owned by Mr. Bernard Leibovici (1886-1951), father of the teacher Mrs. Ida Knol at the Jewish High-School.
  • " La Bubulac" – colonial goods and grocery, at Mare-St, owned by Mr. Laibner, father of Silviu Laibner (today living in Jerusalem).
  • " La Iancu,Iancu "- Tobacco shop and black boots - also at strada Mare. (disabled soldier from World War One - 1918)
  • "Bernard Leibovici" – Tobacco shop – disabled soldier at 4, Garii-St. His son – the late Tobi Leibovici - Tuvia Lavi, was a famous personality both in the IDF (lieutenant colonel) and as a civilian – former Chairman of Rotary Israel. He worked as a voluntary and even found the time to be an excellent grandfather to his seven grandchildren.
  • "La doi cocosi de aur" (The Two Golden Turkeys) –at 168, Mare-St, owned by Mr. Aron Herscovici.
  • "Lumina" Bookshop – owned by Mr. Mielu Segal.
  • Here, the name of the painter Moritz Grinberg should be mentioned, who with great talent and art made the boards and ads for all firms in the town of Focsani. His sons, David and Jitzchak (Pitica) and the twin daughters Silvi and Miri and their families are living now in Israel.
  • The grocery stores of Stocler Iancu, Vainer Iancu, max Zoller, Goldstain Uzias, Grinfeld Iacob, Goldain Adolf, Abramovici Ilie, Etes Moise, Hehter Herman.

We were among the first:

  • In 1919, Herman Steiner opened the first cinema in the town, the “Regal” (“Royal”) -cinema.
    It became a new pastime for the whole population, especially for the youth and the students.
    Romantic movies and comedies were presented with enormous success: “ The Lady with the Camelia”. “Ana Karenina”, “Stan and Bran “ ,” The Death on Vacation”.
    The tickets cost:
    Box: 12 Lei evening shows, 8 Lei matinees.
    Stalls: 3 Lei evening shows, 3 Lei matinees.
    Stalls: 2 Lei evening shows, 1.5 lei matinees.
    1,5 Lei dress circle evening shows, 1.25 dress circle and 1 Leu upper circle matinees.
  • Hotel "Bristol" – The first hotel to be opened in the town. Established 1913 by Meir Koffler. The hotel was located close to the "Focsani" bank and the café " Napoleon" at Mare-St.
  • Hotel "Splendid" – at I.C. Bratianu –St, on the way to the railway station – owned by the Klein family.
This more or less quiet period ends upon the entering of Romania in the war as an ally of Nazi Germany, against the Soviet Union. A very difficult period begins, especially for the Jews, with an anti-Semitic propaganda based on lies and in consequence, the Focsani Community suffered much distress.
 
© COPYRIGHT 2007 by Zvi Ben Dov